首 页
手机版
当前位置:首页 > 英语语法 > 中考英语语法 > 第10讲:冠词之考点精讲

第10讲:冠词之考点精讲

冠词:属于虚词,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用,帮助说明名次的含义。冠词可以分为不定冠词(the Indefinite Article)和定冠词(the Definite Article)两种。“a(an)”是不定冠词,“the”是定冠词。这类词的数量很小,但是其活动性却很大,很大。
  不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源,是“一个”的意思,用于辅音音素前,一般读作,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做,和可数名词单数连用,表示某类人或东西中的一个。例如:
  Lend me a novel, will you?借一本小说给我看,好吗?
  This is an agricultural school,这是一所农业学校。
  需要注意的是,在英文中,a / an并不等于one 。
  例:He only has one dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 正确 )
  He only has a dictionary.他只有一本词典。( 错误 )
  One minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了。(正确 )
  A minute is enough for me to do it . 我做这件事一分钟足够了( 错误 )
  定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。例如:
  Show me the novel you’ve just bought.把你刚买的那本小说拿给我看看。
  This is the agricultural school I told you about.这就是我和你谈起的那所农业学校。
  二、不定冠词的用法
  1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多:
   Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。
   He will be back in a day or two.他将在一至两天内返回。
   A stitch in time saves nine.及时一针顶十针。
   这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍。例如:a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a metre, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of tea, in a word, one at a time.
  2、表示人或事物的某一类
  A steel worker makes steel.
  A plane is a machine that can fly.
  A teacher must love his students.
  A knife is a tool for cutting with.
  3、表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
  This is an apple.
  His father is a teacher.
   This poem was written by a student.
   She picked up a magazine and began to read.
  4、用于泛指人或者事
   The peasant girl has now become an engineer.这个农村姑娘现在成了工程师了。
   She wanted to rent an apartment near the campus. 她想在学校附近租一套房子。
  Before she left for London, Sally sent me a picture of herself. 萨莉动身去伦敦前送给我一张她的照片。
  A grammar book is necessary to a language learner. 对语言学习者来说,语法书是很必要的。
5、用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的,我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。例如:have a rest(休息) have a look(瞧瞧) have a good time(过得开心)take a shower(淋浴) take a break(休息) take a bath(洗澡) get a cold(患感冒) get a fever(发烧) develop into a habit (养成习惯)make a living(谋生) make a guess at(猜测) make a difference between(区分)in a moment(过一会儿) in a sense(在某种意义上) in a way(在某种程度上) once in a while(间或) have an advantage over(优于)have an edge(略胜过)as a result(因此)as a rule(通常)as a whole(总体上说)
  6、为了读音的方便,在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。当我们使用an时,条件有三:①这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头--即它的 音标的第一个音素是元音,而不是说它是以元音字母开头。②它必须是个可数名词。③它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法:
  a university 一所大学 an hour 一个小时
  an orange 一只桔子 an engineer 一位工程师
  an ordinary man一个普通人
  an honest person一位诚实的人
  注意:如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(some, any),如:
  The plan will be ready in a few days.
  Some professors from their university are coming to speak here today.
  这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时,就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。

赞助商

语法目录