首 页
手机版
当前位置:首页 > 英语语法 > 中考英语语法 > 第4讲:副词之副词种类

第4讲:副词之副词种类

  副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。定义:副词(Adverb-adv.) 用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如: not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。副词和状语是两个概念,副词是词的一种类别,而状语则是一个句子成分,是词或词组在句子中所起的作用。另外,不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如:
  Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语)
  你以前读过这本书吗?
  He will arrive before ten o’clock. (介词,before ten o’clock 是介词短语,作时间状语)
  他将在10点钟前到达
副词的种类
 1) 英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):
  She gently refused to accept the gifts. 她委婉地拒绝接受那些礼物。
  How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
  2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
  This I gladly accepted. 这东西我高兴的接受了。
  She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
  He looked at her sadly. 他凄然的看了看她。
  3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
  He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
  I only met her accidentally. 我只是偶然碰见她的。
  4 程度副词和强调副词
  1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:
  He loved his mother dearly. 他深爱他的母亲。
  I strongly object to your saying that. 我强烈反对你这样说话。
  Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗?
  这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
  a. fairly simple 相当简单
  awfully sorry 非常抱歉
  quite correct 完全正确
  truly grateful 确实很感激
  b. fairly smoothly 相当顺利地
  wonderfully well 好极了
  know fully well 完全清楚
  do it very quickly 干得很快
  2)强调副词和程度副词很接近,有些就是程度副词。它们主要是对所修饰的动词(a)、形容词(b)加以强调:
  a. I quite agree. 我完全同意。
  He knew absolutely nothing. 他是毫无所知的。
  Your attitude simply amazes me. 你的态度简直使我吃惊。
  b. You’re entirely wrong. 你完全错了。
  She’s perfectly correct. 她完全正确。
  The food is just wonderful. 这饭菜简直好极了。
  3)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
  a. 修饰副词(特别是用在否定句中):
   She didn’t talk much. 她不怎么说话。
   I don’t much like the idea. 我不大喜欢这个想法。
   Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
  b. 修饰形容词等;
  I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
  I’m very much afraid that she won’t come. 我很担心她不来。
  c. 和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用:
  You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
  Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
  d. 和how, so , too等词连用:
  How much do you like him? 你喜欢他到什么程度?
  He would so much like to go. 他会很想去的。
疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词
  1) 疑问副词:
  疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
  how: How is your grandmother’s rheumatism? 你奶奶的风湿病怎么样了?
  where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?
  when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?
  why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?
  2)连接副词:
  连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
  how: That’s how I look at it. 这是我的看法。(引导表语从句)
   Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?(引导不定式短语)
  where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
   I can’t decide where to go for my holidays. 我不能决定去哪度假。(引导不定式短语)
  when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)
   Tell me when to use this construction. 告诉我什么时候用这种结构。(引导不定式短语)
  why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)
  3)关系副词:
  关系副词可引导关系从句作宾语:
  where:We then moved to Paris, where we lived for 6 years. 此后我们搬到巴黎,在那里住了6年。
  when: There came a day when the rain fell in torrents. 有一天下起了倾盆大雨。
  why: The reason why he came is not very convincing. 他来的理由不太有说服力。
  6.句子副词
  1) 有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法:
  I can’t come, unfortunately. 真不巧,我来不了。
  Hopefully We’ll win. 但愿我们能赢。
  Surprisingly, she has married again. 另人惊讶的是,她又结婚了。
  Seriously now, you ought to take more care of your health. 说真的,你应当多注意身体。
  2)有少数副词可以和enough连用,起同样的作用:
  I thought it would rain, and sure enough it did. 我想天会下雨,结果果然如此。
  Oddly enough I had no doubt that he would be glad to see me. 说也奇怪,我毫不怀疑他会高兴见我。
  Curiously enough he had never seen the little girl. 说也奇怪,他从未见过这个小姑娘。
  6. 一些其它类型的副词
  除了以上这些类型的副词外,还有一些其他类型的副词,例如:
  1)表示方向的副词:
  Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。
  Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
  2)使与上文连接更紧的副词:
  He was different, however, from the others. 不过他和别人不同。
  Nevertheless, she decided to act. 尽管如此,他决定采取行动。
  3)表示 “方面”的副词:
   They suffered economically as a result of that policy. 由于那项政策,他们在经济上受了损失。
   Financially we are doing quite well. 在经济方面我们情况良好。
   It’s politically short-sighted not to recognize this. 不认识这一点在政治上是短视的。
副词的位置
 1. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
   Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。
   I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。
   Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
  2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面,但也有例外。如:
   These flowers are quite beautiful. (在形容词前) 这些花相当漂亮。
   He works very hard. (在副词前)他工作很努力。
   She is old enough to go to school. (在形容词后)她已到了上学的年龄。
  3. 按一般规则,如果有几个时间状语,单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如:
   The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。
   I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May15.
  4. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如:
   We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
   He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。

赞助商

语法目录