第16讲：名词性从句之考点解析
考点一 主语从句
主语从句在主句中作主语，位于主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面，其句型结构为：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋从句。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我真的没有想到你能说服他改变主意。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。
Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved up to now.
外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定
考点二 同位语从句
1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。
There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.
看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。
There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.
欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。
The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.
每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上提出。
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
考点三 表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that，whether，as if；疑问代词有who，what，which；疑问副词where，why，when，how等。
The problem is that we don't have much time left.
问题是我们剩下的时间很少。
My question is who is responsible for all this.
我的问题是谁对这事负责。
考点四“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别
“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。
The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.
这位可怜的年青人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受。
The howto book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助。
Whatever/No matter what you say ，I will not believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
语法训练
1．(2011年高考重庆卷)It is still under discussion________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A．whether B．when
C．which D．where
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。“It”作形式主语，“________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。
答案：A
2．(2011年高考湖南卷) Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious________the problem itself is.
A．what B．that
C．which D．why
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：在一个问题得到解决之前，必须要清楚问题本身是什么。根据句子结构可知it作形式主语，后面的“________ the problem itself is ”作真正的主语，该从句缺少表语，故用what引导。
答案：A
3．(2011年高考四川卷) The school shop，________customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
A．which B．whose
C．when D．where
解析：句意：这家校内商店放假时关门，它的顾客主要是学生。考查定语从句。本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句；本句先行词是the school shop，还原到从句后为：The school shop's customers are mainly students.因此选B，用whose引导定语从句，关系代词whose在从句中作定语。
答案：B
4．(2011年高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
解析：句意：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses，还原到从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词，不能作主语。
答案：D
5．(2011年高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of________she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom
C．which D．that
解析：句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。先行词为German，French，Russian，代入定语从句后为：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，先行词指“物”，且介词提前，故用which。
答案：C
6．(2012年武汉联考)Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes________ help that is available.
A．whatever B．whenever
C．wherever D．however
解析：句意：面对困难或挫折，一个人会接受任何可能得到的帮助。whatever在此修饰help，意为“无论什么”，而其他三个选项，不作形容词，不能修饰名词，故排除。
答案：A
7. (2011年银川调研)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do________ it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：句意：她对我们弥足珍贵。我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命。这里的whatever既作take的宾语，也引导do后的宾语从句。
答案：C
8．(2011年郑州调研)Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone________made you angry is important.
A．that B．which
C．why D．what
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：生气没什么，但是知道如何告诉别人什么导致你生气是很重要的。tell someone之后是宾语从句，且从句缺少主语，因此空处填what。
答案：D
9．Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago，________some have gone bad due to the bad weather.
A．of those B．from which
C．of which D．in which
解析：考查定语从句。此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”，故用“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。
答案：C
10．Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs，________selfrespect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.
A．when B．which
C. as D. that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：每个人都将经历人生的浮沉阶段，其间，自尊在一个人的成熟过程中起着关键作用。根据句意可知，后半句是定语从句，when在从句中作状语。
答案：A
11．(2012年扬州测试)________you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure to report.
A．That B．Where
C．What D．Why
解析：考查主语从句。句意：不要把你不知道规则作为你报道失败的借口。that引导陈述句作主语，that不能省略。
答案：A
12．(2012年南京模拟)In recent years, there has been a heated argument about________it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.
A．whether B．if
C．what D．that
解析：考查宾语从句。空白处在介词about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只能用whether，介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句。
答案：A
13．The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware________she had gone.
A．that where B．of the place which
C．of what D．of where
解析：句意：全家人都为詹妮担心，因为没人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语。
答案：D
14．As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem________they cannot work out.
A．that B．if
C．in order that D．as
解析：句意：作为老师，我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题。先行词为so difficult a problem，代入定语从句后为：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语。“so或such＋名词”作先行词、且先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，需用as引导定语从句。本题易误选为A项，用that引导状语从句，但状语从句应是完整的，所以，如选A项，题干应该为：As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作为老师，我很少给我的学生如此难的问题以至他们不能解决。
答案：D
15．－How are you getting along with your project?
－I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me________I could work with my roommate Tim.
A．that B．how
C．why D．whether
解析：考查名词性从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句解释说明idea的内容。
答案：A
主语从句在主句中作主语，位于主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面，其句型结构为：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋从句。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我真的没有想到你能说服他改变主意。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。
Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved up to now.
外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定
考点二 同位语从句
1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。
There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.
看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。
There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.
欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。
The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.
每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上提出。
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
考点三 表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that，whether，as if；疑问代词有who，what，which；疑问副词where，why，when，how等。
The problem is that we don't have much time left.
问题是我们剩下的时间很少。
My question is who is responsible for all this.
我的问题是谁对这事负责。
考点四“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别
“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。
The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.
这位可怜的年青人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受。
The howto book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.
指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助。
Whatever/No matter what you say ，I will not believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
语法训练
1．(2011年高考重庆卷)It is still under discussion________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A．whether B．when
C．which D．where
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。“It”作形式主语，“________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。
答案：A
2．(2011年高考湖南卷) Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious________the problem itself is.
A．what B．that
C．which D．why
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：在一个问题得到解决之前，必须要清楚问题本身是什么。根据句子结构可知it作形式主语，后面的“________ the problem itself is ”作真正的主语，该从句缺少表语，故用what引导。
答案：A
3．(2011年高考四川卷) The school shop，________customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
A．which B．whose
C．when D．where
解析：句意：这家校内商店放假时关门，它的顾客主要是学生。考查定语从句。本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句；本句先行词是the school shop，还原到从句后为：The school shop's customers are mainly students.因此选B，用whose引导定语从句，关系代词whose在从句中作定语。
答案：B
4．(2011年高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
解析：句意：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses，还原到从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词，不能作主语。
答案：D
5．(2011年高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of________she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom
C．which D．that
解析：句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。先行词为German，French，Russian，代入定语从句后为：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，先行词指“物”，且介词提前，故用which。
答案：C
6．(2012年武汉联考)Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes________ help that is available.
A．whatever B．whenever
C．wherever D．however
解析：句意：面对困难或挫折，一个人会接受任何可能得到的帮助。whatever在此修饰help，意为“无论什么”，而其他三个选项，不作形容词，不能修饰名词，故排除。
答案：A
7. (2011年银川调研)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do________ it takes to save her life.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析：句意：她对我们弥足珍贵。我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命。这里的whatever既作take的宾语，也引导do后的宾语从句。
答案：C
8．(2011年郑州调研)Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone________made you angry is important.
A．that B．which
C．why D．what
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：生气没什么，但是知道如何告诉别人什么导致你生气是很重要的。tell someone之后是宾语从句，且从句缺少主语，因此空处填what。
答案：D
9．Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago，________some have gone bad due to the bad weather.
A．of those B．from which
C．of which D．in which
解析：考查定语从句。此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”，故用“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。
答案：C
10．Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs，________selfrespect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.
A．when B．which
C. as D. that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：每个人都将经历人生的浮沉阶段，其间，自尊在一个人的成熟过程中起着关键作用。根据句意可知，后半句是定语从句，when在从句中作状语。
答案：A
11．(2012年扬州测试)________you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure to report.
A．That B．Where
C．What D．Why
解析：考查主语从句。句意：不要把你不知道规则作为你报道失败的借口。that引导陈述句作主语，that不能省略。
答案：A
12．(2012年南京模拟)In recent years, there has been a heated argument about________it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.
A．whether B．if
C．what D．that
解析：考查宾语从句。空白处在介词about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只能用whether，介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句。
答案：A
13．The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware________she had gone.
A．that where B．of the place which
C．of what D．of where
解析：句意：全家人都为詹妮担心，因为没人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语。
答案：D
14．As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem________they cannot work out.
A．that B．if
C．in order that D．as
解析：句意：作为老师，我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题。先行词为so difficult a problem，代入定语从句后为：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语。“so或such＋名词”作先行词、且先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，需用as引导定语从句。本题易误选为A项，用that引导状语从句，但状语从句应是完整的，所以，如选A项，题干应该为：As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作为老师，我很少给我的学生如此难的问题以至他们不能解决。
答案：D
15．－How are you getting along with your project?
－I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me________I could work with my roommate Tim.
A．that B．how
C．why D．whether
解析：考查名词性从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句解释说明idea的内容。
答案：A